The national economy is considered to be the national economy of the country. It is a combination of all industries and regions united into a single organism by multilateral economic ties. In the national economy, the production, distribution, exchange and consumption of material goods, services and spiritual values act as an inseparable complex. It is a product of the historical development of a given society and has its own face: private, mixed, public, etc. The article examines the concept of the national economy as a system of social reproduction, covering a set of economic processes within a single state. Various points of view on the concept of the national economy are considered. The characteristics of the elements of the national economy are given. The structure of the national economy is analyzed from the point of view of sectoral and institutional approaches, the role of the state in the performance of key economic functions is revealed. A classification of national economies is carried out by the level of development, type of economic system and economic specialization. The importance of effective management of the national economy in the context of globalization is noted. A conclusion is made about the need for sustainable and balanced development as the basis for the economic well-being of the country.