The purpose of the study is to explore the role and significance of economic self-sufficiency in ensuring the economic sovereignty of the state. The article discusses the definition of the concept of economic sovereignty, presents various approaches of foreign and Russian researchers to disclosing the content of the concept of autarky and economic self-sufficiency, and also sets out its author's definition. This study also describes the main directions of the program for ensuring economic self-sufficiency, an analysis of statistical data, namely, indicators of the gross domestic product of the Russian Federation and an increase in the production of goods and services in the world economy and certain countries of the world. Particular attention in the article is devoted to the indicator of the export of goods, works and services, which is reflected in the development of the economy, and subsequently - on improving the quality of life of the population. The work focuses on the need for labor education of young people, the creation of all conditions for the growth of entrepreneurship in the country, the development of competitive production in order to rely on the domestic market, the basis of which is the effectively carried out conscientious activities of citizens of the state. The author proposed recommendations to strengthen economic sovereignty and ensure economic self-sufficiency in conditions of sanctions pressure.