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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of Applied Research</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Applied Research</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Журнал прикладных исследований</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2712-7516</issn>
   <issn publication-format="online">2949-1878</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">6a84bda094fbba14f787617b</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.34755/IROK.2026.19.25.006</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>ЭКОНОМИКА. ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ.</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>ECONOMICS. ECONOMIC SCIENCES.</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>ЭКОНОМИКА. ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ.</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Bilingual economics education as a factor of human capital development: pedagogical approaches</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Билингвальное обучение экономике как фактор развития человеческого капитала: педагогические подходы</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Астарханова</surname>
       <given-names>Нурият Раджабовна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Astarkhanova</surname>
       <given-names>Nuriyat Radzhabovna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Гаджиева</surname>
       <given-names>Самира Алиловна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Gadzhieva</surname>
       <given-names>Samira Alilovna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Даудов</surname>
       <given-names>Шемил Ахмадович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Daudov</surname>
       <given-names>Shemil Akhmadovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Дагестанский  государственный педагогический университет</institution>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Daghestan State Pedagogical University</institution>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Дагестанский государственный университет</institution>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Dagestan State University</institution>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Чеченский государственный университет им. А.А. Кадырова</institution>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Kadyrov Chechen State University</institution>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-08-12T11:02:04+03:00">
    <day>12</day>
    <month>08</month>
    <year>2026</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-08-12T11:02:04+03:00">
    <day>12</day>
    <month>08</month>
    <year>2026</year>
   </pub-date>
   <elocation-id>46-53</elocation-id>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-07-30T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>30</day>
     <month>07</month>
     <year>2026</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <permissions>
    <copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">© 2026 Астарханова Н.Р., Гаджиева С.А., Даудов Ш.А.</copyright-statement>
    <copyright-statement xml:lang="en">© 2026 Astarkhanova N.R., Gadzhieva S.A., Daudov S.A.</copyright-statement>
    <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
    <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Астарханова Нурият Раджабовна, Гаджиева Самира Алиловна, Даудов Шемил Ахмадович</copyright-holder>
    <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Astarkhanova Nuriyat Radzhabovna, Gadzhieva Samira Alilovna, Daudov Shemil Akhmadovich</copyright-holder>
   </permissions>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://zhpi.ru/en/nauka/publications/6a84bda094fbba14f787617b/view">https://zhpi.ru/en/nauka/publications/6a84bda094fbba14f787617b/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>В статье исследуется билингвальное обучение экономике как фактор развития человеческого капитала на стыке педагогической теории и экономического анализа. На основе изучения международного опыта – исследования Татарстана (1995–2015 гг.) с выборкой 4 577 респондентов, каталонской реформы 1983 года с использованием метода разности разностей, а также эмпирических данных о влиянии билингвизма на заработные платы в США – рассматриваются педагогические подходы CLIL и EMI, инвестиционная теория языковых навыков и человеко-центрированный подход. Особое внимание уделяется количественной оценке экономических эффектов билингвального образования и институциональным условиям его успешности (качество преподавания, ресурсное обеспечение, социальный контекст). На основе эмпирических данных представлены две таблицы, характеризующие экономические эффекты билингвального образования и факторы его эффективности. Сделан вывод о том, что билингвальное обучение экономике формирует «двуязычную когнитивную компетенцию» как специфическую форму человеческого капитала, однако её экономическая отдача зависит от качества образовательной среды, а не только от формального статуса языка.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>The article examines bilingual economics education as a factor in the development of human capital at the junction of pedagogical theory and economic analysis. Based on the study of international experience – a study of Tatarstan (1995-2015) with a sample of 4,577 respondents, the Catalan reform of 1983 using the difference of differences method, as well as empirical data on the impact of bilingualism on wages in the United States – the pedagogical approaches of CLIL and EMI, the investment theory of language skills and a human-centered approach are considered. Special attention is paid to quantifying the economic effects of bilingual education and the institutional conditions of its success (teaching quality, resource provision, social context). Based on empirical data, two tables are presented that characterize the economic effects of bilingual education and the factors of its effectiveness. It is concluded that bilingual economics education forms &quot;bilingual cognitive competence&quot; as a specific form of human capital, but its economic impact depends on the quality of the educational environment, and not only on the formal status of the language.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>билингвальное обучение</kwd>
    <kwd>человеческий капитал</kwd>
    <kwd>экономическое образование</kwd>
    <kwd>CLIL</kwd>
    <kwd>отдача от языковых навыков</kwd>
    <kwd>инвестиции в образование</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>bilingual education</kwd>
    <kwd>human capital</kwd>
    <kwd>economic education</kwd>
    <kwd>CLIL</kwd>
    <kwd>return on language skills</kwd>
    <kwd>investment in education</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
 <back>
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</article>
