The article discusses the main aspects of security activities in the Russian Federation, including public and private security structures. The functions, powers, training standards, and forms of control used in these two systems are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the differences between state security provided by structures such as Rosgvardiya, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and departmental security, and private security provided by private security organizations. The role of legislative regulation is emphasized, including key federal laws defining rules and restrictions for various subjects of security activities. The advantages and disadvantages of each system are considered, as well as the possibility of their interaction to create an integrated approach to security. It is concluded that there is a need for further improvement of the regulatory framework and the development of cooperation between public and private security structures.