The scientific article is devoted to the study of the main trends and prospects in the formation of the budget policy of the Russian Federation (RF). The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the presence of problems in the process of forming the state budget policy can lead to difficulties in financing the public sector of the Russian economy. Since 2020, the state budget of the Russian Federation has been exposed to the negative influence of external shocks, due to which budget expenditures increase, leading to a budget deficit. The main direction of the implementation of the budget policy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2027 is the optimization of budget revenues and expenditures aimed at more efficient use of state budget funds and reducing its deficit. The main research methods were a systematic collection of scientific information from publications of scientists who studied the issues of budget policy formation in the Russian Federation. For statistical analysis, data from the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, which publishes operational information on the state of implementation of budget policy in the state, were used. The results of the study reveal that the state budget deficit remains a pressing problem until 2027. However, thanks to the successful policy of the state to attract government borrowing by issuing federal bonds, the overall stability of the budget policy of the Government of the Russian Federation is ensured.