The article is dedicated to the study of state project management as a crucial instrument for enhancing the efficiency of governance at the regional level. The significance of this topic is determined by the necessity to optimize resource utilization, enhance coordination between agencies, and achieve strategic objectives in the context of contemporary political, economic, and social challenges. The goal of this study is to examine the theoretical and legislative aspects of project management and to assess its significance in the public sector. This paper employs methods such as system analysis, analysis of regulatory documents, synthesis of scientific approaches, and examination of practices for implementing project management in various regions of Russia. Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that the project-based approach contributes to increased efficiency, more efficient use of budgetary funds, and enhanced quality of public administration. The key stages of project management are highlighted, as well as the advantages and challenges associated with them, such as bureaucratic barriers and a lack of qualified personnel. It is emphasized that successful project management requires adaptation of methods to the specific needs of the public sector and development of human capital.