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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JOURNAL OF MONETARY ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">JOURNAL OF MONETARY ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>JOURNAL OF MONETARY ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2782-4586</issn>
   <issn publication-format="online">2949-1851</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">113924</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26118/2782-4586.2025.63.73.040</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Научные статьи</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Научные статьи</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Forecast of the Artificial Intelligence Scaling Trajectory Towards 2030</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Прогноз траектории масштабирования искусственного интеллекта до 2030 года</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Бойкова</surname>
       <given-names>Анна Викторовна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Boykova</surname>
       <given-names>Anna Viktorovna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Никольская</surname>
       <given-names>Вера Александровна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Nikol'skaya</surname>
       <given-names>Vera Aleksandrovna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат технических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of technical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Тверской государственный технический университет</institution>
     <city>Тверь</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Tver State Technical University</institution>
     <city>Tver</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Тверской государственный технический университет</institution>
     <city>Тверь</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Tver State Technical University</institution>
     <city>Tver</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-02-01T00:14:30+03:00">
    <day>01</day>
    <month>02</month>
    <year>2026</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-02-01T00:14:30+03:00">
    <day>01</day>
    <month>02</month>
    <year>2026</year>
   </pub-date>
   <fpage>307</fpage>
   <lpage>311</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-01-27T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>27</day>
     <month>01</month>
     <year>2026</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://zhpi.ru/en/nauka/article/113924/view">https://zhpi.ru/en/nauka/article/113924/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>В статье анализируются возможные траектории развития передовых систем искусственного интеллекта (ИИ) к 2030 году на основе экстраполяции текущих технологических и экономических трендов. Анализируется гипотеза о том, что масштабирование вычислительных ресурсов остаётся ключевым драйвером прогресса в ИИ. На основе ретроспективного анализа трендов (2010-2024 гг.) строятся прогнозы в области требуемых вычислительных мощностей для обучения, объёмов инвестиций, динамики данных, развития аппаратного обеспечения и энергопотребления. В статье высказана точка зрения, что при сохранении текущих тенденций к 2030 году крупнейшие модели ИИ будут требовать в 1000 раз больше вычислений для обучения, чем современные, с сопутствующими инвестициями в сотни миллиардов долларов и энергопотреблением на уровне гигаватт. Далее исследуются ожидаемые возможности таких систем, с фокусом на автоматизацию научно-исследовательских и опытно-конструкторских работ (НИОКР) в таких областях, как разработка программного обеспечения, математика, молекулярная биология и прогнозирование погоды. Прогнозируется, что ИИ станет как высокоспециализированным инструментом, так и ассистентом-агентом, существенно ускоряющим «цифровые» аспекты исследований. В заключение обсуждаются ключевые неопределённости, потенциальные узкие места (регуляторные, экологические, связанные с данными) и более широкие социально-экономические последствия прогнозируемого развития ИИ.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>This article analyzes potential development trajectories of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) systems towards 2030 based on the extrapolation of current technological and economic trends. It examines the hypothesis that the scaling of computational resources remains the key driver of progress in AI. Based on a retrospective analysis of trends (2010-2024), forecasts are constructed regarding the required computing power for training, investment volumes, data dynamics, hardware development, and energy consumption. The article posits that, should current trends continue, by 2030 the largest AI models will require 1000 times more computation for training than contemporary models, accompanied by investments amounting to hundreds of billions of dollars and energy consumption at the gigawatt level. The expected capabilities of such systems are further explored, with a focus on the automation of scientific research and development (R&amp;D) in areas such as software engineering, mathematics, molecular biology, and weather forecasting. It is forecasted that AI will become both a highly specialized tool and an assistant-agent, significantly accelerating the &quot;digital&quot; aspects of research. In conclusion, key uncertainties, potential bottlenecks (regulatory, environmental, data-related), and the broader socio-economic implications of the projected AI development are discussed.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd>
    <kwd>машинное обучение</kwd>
    <kwd>масштабирование</kwd>
    <kwd>прогнозирование</kwd>
    <kwd>вычисления</kwd>
    <kwd>инвестиции</kwd>
    <kwd>энергопотребление</kwd>
    <kwd>научные исследования и разработки</kwd>
    <kwd>прогноз</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd>
    <kwd>machine learning</kwd>
    <kwd>scaling</kwd>
    <kwd>forecasting</kwd>
    <kwd>computing</kwd>
    <kwd>investment</kwd>
    <kwd>energy consumption</kwd>
    <kwd>research and development</kwd>
    <kwd>forecast</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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