This article explores the adaptive mechanisms of the economies of Russia's regional innovation systems in the face of increased multidimensional uncertainty. It is shown that the resilience of regional innovation systems to external shocks and risks is determined by a combination of several groups of adaptive mechanisms. Based on a critical analysis of contemporary Russian research on regional innovation systems and regional adaptability, the categories of "adaptive mechanisms of the economies of regional innovation systems" are clarified, and adaptability types and their interpretation in high-risk environments are proposed. It is argued that the key vector of adaptation is the transition from a linear innovation model to network and ecosystem modifications. Based on a synthesis of systemic, network, and institutional approaches, a conceptual model of the adaptive mechanisms of the economies of Russia's regional innovation systems is proposed.