The article examines the sociological and economic foundations of the research of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in the context of the digital transformation of society. The article analyzes theoretical approaches to the study of AI as a socio-technological phenomenon, the impact of automation on the labor market, institutional changes and the redistribution of economic value. Based on the work of the OECD, the World Bank, the World Economic Forum, as well as academic research in the field of labor economics and the sociology of technology, the need for an interdisciplinary approach to AI analysis is substantiated. The sociological and economic foundations of artificial intelligence technology research form an interdisciplinary field of analysis that combines the theory of human capital, the economics of innovation, and the sociology of technology. International research confirms that the introduction of AI has a complex impact on the labor market, productivity and social institutions. The sustainable development of AI requires not only technological investments, but also institutional regulation, retraining programs, and consideration of social risks. An integrated approach to research allows us to ensure a balance between economic efficiency and social sustainability in the context of digital transformation.