The modern global economy is facing escalating environmental threats caused by both industrialization and the intensification of globalization processes. The growth of production volumes, the increase in transportation flows, the irrational use of natural resources, and the accelerated pace of urbanization are leading to environmental degradation, climate change, and the depletion of the planet’s biological resources. In these circumstances, the development of a green economy is gaining particular relevance, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional economic models aimed at reducing negative impacts on nature while maintaining economic growth. This article examines the essence of the concept of the "green economy," its main principles and goals, as well as its importance in ensuring sustainable development. Special attention is given to the analysis of environmental challenges that have intensified as a result of globalization processes: increased greenhouse gas emissions, growing technological pressure on nature, and the rise of ecological inequality between countries. Key international initiatives in environmental regulation and sustainable development, such as the Paris Agreement, the UN Sustainable Development Goals, and green investment programs, are highlighted. The paper substantiates the need for a global transition to a green economy and emphasizes the role of governments, international organizations, and private businesses in addressing modern environmental problems. Examples of successful implementation of green projects and technologies in various countries around the world are presented. The article stresses that only comprehensive measures, including the development of environmentally friendly technologies, the reform of production processes, environmental education, and the strengthening of international cooperation, can ensure an effective response to global environmental challenges and preserve a favorable environment for future generations.