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graduate student
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Russia's transport system is a key element of the national economy, providing connectivity between regions and participating in global logistics chains. Since 2022, the country has faced unprecedented foreign policy and economic challenges that have necessitated a rethink of strategies for the development of all modes of transport. The data available for 2021 has lost a significant part of its relevance due to drastic structural shifts in cargo flows, fleet, rolling stock fleet and the external economic orientation of logistics. The purpose of the study is to analyze the organizational and economic problems of the Russian transport industry and identify the prospects for its development in the context of sanctions and geopolitical transformation. The results of the study showed that the key challenges are related to the degradation of the national fleet, the obsolescence of the inland waterway infrastructure, the moral and physical deterioration of the fleet and railway rolling stock, as well as the sharp reorientation of export-import flows to the East. At the same time, growth points have been identified: the development of the Northeastern Sea Route, investments in the modernization of ports on the Pacific coast, and the intensification of import substitution programs in shipbuilding and transport engineering. Thus, the sustainable development of the Russian transport system is possible only with state support, the introduction of digital solutions and the formation of a new logistics geography focused on the Asia-Pacific region. There is an urgent need to update the regulatory framework, stimulate public-private partnerships and develop the human resources potential of the industry.
transport system, navy, motor transport, rail transportation, inland waterways, sanctions reality, logistics, import substitution
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