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As the Russian Federation develops its technological sovereignty, the effective transfer of intellectual property from academia to the real economy is becoming increasingly important. This article examines the role of small innovative enterprises (SIEs) established at universities and small technology companies (STCs) as institutional frameworks that facilitate the commercialization of scientific and technical developments. The article examines the regulatory framework for the operation of SIEs and STCs, identifies their essential characteristics, and conducts a comparative analysis based on key criteria: establishment procedure, operational objectives, resource sources, and available support measures. A model of SIEs and STCs is proposed, reflecting the successive stages of a technological project's transformation from knowledge generation at a university to reaching the level of a mature company. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of practices in the Samara Region in 2022–2024. Strengths and remaining limitations of the regional innovation ecosystem are identified. Practical recommendations aimed at increasing the effectiveness of the commercialization of university research are formulated.
small innovative enterprises (SIE), small technology companies (STC), research commercialization; technology transfer, results of intellectual activity (RIA), technology entrepreneurship, Samara Region
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