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The article examines the institution of a transaction as a fundamental element of civil law. The concept and legal nature of the transaction are revealed based on the analysis of Article 153 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the historical evolution of the term and modern doctrinal approaches are considered. Special attention is paid to the systematic classification of transactions according to quantitative, property, time and formal criteria, as well as the legal consequences of their qualification. The relationship between the transaction and the contract is analyzed, the criteria for distinguishing between void and disputed transactions are identified. Based on the study of regulations and judicial practice, the practical importance of the correct legal qualification of transactions for the prevention of disputes, ensuring the stability of civil turnover and effective law enforcement is substantiated. The results of the research can be used in legal practice, the educational process and in the further improvement of civil legislation
civil law; transaction; legal nature; classification of transactions; contract; invalidity of the transaction; void and disputed transactions; civil turnover
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