UDC 338.2

LABELED CRYPTOCURRENCY AND THE RISKS OF ITS ACCEPTANCE: LEGAL ANALYSIS AND VERIFICATION BEFORE THE TRANSACTION Labeled cryptocurrency and the risks of its acceptance: legal analysis and verification before the transaction

Published in JOURNAL OF MONETARY ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT · Issue 8 · Pages 145–154 · Rubric: SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES
DOI: https://doi.org/10.26118/2782-4586.2025.74.25.068
Received: 31.10.2025 Accepted: 17.11.2025 Published: 17.11.2025
Authors
The article examines the phenomenon of "labeled" cryptocurrencies – digital assets that were previously involved in illegal activities and therefore marked as "dirty" in the blockchain. The risks of accepting such assets as payment are indicated, including technical difficulties and legal consequences for the recipient. Modern cryptotransaction monitoring tools (Chainalysis, TRM Labs, Elliptic, etc.) are analyzed, with the help of which regulators, exchanges and users identify "dirty" coins. A practical algorithm is proposed for pre-checking cryptocurrencies for "purity" before concluding a transaction using open blockchain data and AML services. Special attention is paid to Russian realities: the lack of a full-fledged legal turnover of cryptocurrencies, increasing control over P2P transactions and planned sanctions for crypto payments within the country. In conclusion, conclusions and recommendations are formulated for businesses and individuals to minimize the risks associated with labeled cryptocurrencies.
labeled cryptocurrency, money laundering, compliance and AML, blockchain analytics, cryptocurrency risks, verification of crypto assets
Text References
Text (PDF)
Read Download

1. RBK-Kripto. «Eto budet trendom. Pochemu tak vazhno zanimat'sya kriptogigienoy» (14.08.2024) – Otkuda beretsya gryaznaya kriptovalyuta i kak izbezhat' vstrechi s ney, s. 1–4.

2. RBK-Kripto. Kak kriptovalyuty popadayut pod sankcii. Kto opredelyaet «chistotu» koshel'kov (24.08.2024) – interv'yu i obzor AML-servisov, s. 1–4.

3. RBK-Kripto. Chto takoe kriptomiksery. Chem oni opasny dlya pol'zovateley kriptovalyut – avtor: G. Osipov (09.09.2024), s. 2–3.

4. RBK-Kripto. Ne stat' uchastnikom «otmyva» kriptovalyut. Eksperty o riskah P2P-obmena (26.02.2025) – analiticheskaya stat'ya, s. 2–4.

5. RBK (Finansy). Finrazvedka nazvala sroki zapuska servisa kriptoproverki v bankah (21.02.2025) – zayavlenie A. Lisicyna (Rosfinmonitoring), s. 1–4.

6. CNews. Rossiyan budut shtrafovat' za kriptoplatezhi ot 100 tysyach do 1 milliona rubley. Kriptoaktivy mogut konfiskovat' (22.05.2025) – razbor zakonoproekta CB RF, s. 1–3.

7. Pravo.ru. Pervyy prigovor za P2P-torgovlyu na kriptobirzhe: mnenie ekspertov (09.03.2023) – keys A. Evdokimova (birzha Garantex), s. 1–3.

8. Dev.by / Bubble. Izbavit'sya ot gryaznyh monet slozhno: pochemu opasno pokupat' mechenuyu kriptu (08.11.2022) – obzor sluchaev (sankcii Tornado Cash i dr.), s. 1–2.

9. Bits.media (PR). AMLSafe: chem riskuyut vladel'cy «gryaznyh bitkoinov» i kak ne popast' v ih chislo (26.01.2021) – ekspertiza, s. 1–3.

10. Federal'nyy zakon № 115-FZ ot 07.08.2001 (red. ot 14.07.2022) «O protivodeystvii legalizacii (otmyvaniyu) dohodov…». – Sobr. zakonodatel'stva RF, 2001, № 33 (ch. I), st. 3418.

11. Federal'nyy zakon № 259-FZ ot 31.07.2020 «O cifrovyh finansovyh aktivah, cifrovoy valyute…». – Sobr. zakonodatel'stva RF, 2020, № 31, st. 5003.

12. Federal'nyy zakon № 161-FZ ot 27.06.2011 (red. ot 24.07.2024) «O nacional'noy platezhnoy sisteme». – Sobr. zakonodatel'stva RF, 2011, № 27, st. 3872.

13. RBK-Kripto. SShA vydvinuli obvineniya protiv treh rossiyan – operatorov kriptomikserov (10.01.2024) – novosti Minyusta SShA, s. 1–2.

14. CryptoCloud (vc.ru). Kriptovalyuty i otmyvanie deneg: kak rabotaet AML i pochemu eto vazhno (26.03.2023) – obzor AML-instrumentov, s. 1–5.

15. FATF. Guidance for a Risk-Based Approach to Virtual Assets and VASPs – Paris, Oct 2021, p. 13–20 (rekomendacii po Travel Rule).