Special economic zones (SEZs) represent an important instrument of state policy aimed at accelerating the socio-economic development of regions. They are created to attract investment, stimulate innovation, develop industrial production, and enhance regional competitiveness. The article examines the theoretical foundations of SEZ functioning, their role in regional policy, and the key mechanisms ensuring their effectiveness. Based on an analysis of domestic and foreign experience, the main advantages and risks of using SEZs in regional development are identified. The study also highlights issues such as uneven distribution of economic effects, limited sectoral diversification, and challenges in attracting foreign investment. In conclusion, recommendations are proposed to improve the efficiency of SEZ activities through better coordination of authorities, development of public-private partnerships, increased transparency, and investment in human capital.
special economic zones, state policy, regional development, economic stimulation, regional competitiveness, economic efficiency
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