Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) goes beyond traditional environmental education, offering a holistic approach to developing students' values, knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary for building a just, environmentally responsible, and socially sustainable future. The article explores the essence of ESD as an interdisciplinary pedagogical strategy that integrates environmental, economic, social, and cultural aspects of sustainability into the content, methods, and organization of the learning process. It analyzes the key competencies of sustainable development, such as systemic thinking, critical reflection, the ability to engage in collective action, and taking responsibility for the consequences of one's decisions. Special attention is paid to practical mechanisms for implementing ESD, from project-based learning and school environmental initiatives to curriculum revisions and the creation of a green educational environment. It is emphasized that effective ESD does not provide ready-made answers, but rather develops students' ability to ask the right questions and participate in solving real-world problems in their community.
education for sustainable development (ESD), environmental awareness, sustainable development, and systems thinking
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